Artificial Pollination Technologies: A Review

Pollination is critical for the production of many crops, and both insect- wind-based pollination systems are increasingly disrupted by bloom asynchrony, weather events, high demand available insect pollinators. Artificial can provide a security yield even in poor scenarios, have been attracting increasing attention over past decade. Here, we review pollen collection application technologies that employed to date. Major categories mechanical technology include: hand-pollination, handheld backpack devices, vehicle-mounted unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), robotic autonomous The majority artificial above used supplement natural pollination, but some these were found perform adequately themselves, including kiwifruit, olive, date palm, walnut, tomato, hybrid maize seed. These often treat as system input, creating chicken-and-egg problem which not economical without collect wide uptake system. To combat this, there has success developing harvesters crop plants (particularly almond maize), future work needed be commercial reality number cropping experiencing deficits.